Assisted Reproductive Technologies in Canada
Assisted reproductive technologies are infertility treatments that involve fertility drugs and the management of eggs, sperm, and/or embryos outside of the human body. This typically includes IVF and IVF- related procedures such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Some definitions also include intrauterine insemination.5
Conventional IVF treatment involves the stimulation of the ovaries using hormonal medications, the retrieval of eggs from the ovaries, the fertilization of the eggs outside the body, and the transfer of the resulting embryo into the uterus
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
The first regulation of reproductive technologies in Canada was for the donation of semen samples for use in artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization. In 1996, the Semen Regulations (The Processing and Distribution of Semen for Assisted Conception Regulations) of the Food and Drugs Act were issued, and were updated in March 2000.
Semen donors are usually anonymous and undergo rigorous screening for medical and genetic diseases and for all sexually transmitted and other infectious diseases, including AIDS and hepatitis. All donations must be quarantined for six months and the donor re-tested at this time to ensure samples are negative for the viruses that lead to those diseases. The Semen Regulations also stipulate that if a donated sample has a high white blood cell count, it must be destroyed, as this is often indicative of a viral or bacterial infection.
http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/researchpublications/prb0035-e.htm
Egg Donation
Egg donation is a product of in vitro fertilization (IVF) technology. In IVF, multiple eggs are stimulated to grow via hormone therapy (controlled ovarian hyperstimulation) and are then harvested from the woman. Retrieval of the eggs requires sedation as they are removed vaginally with the use of a needle. The mature eggs are subsequently fertilized outside of the body and allowed to grow for a few days. The resulting embryos are then inserted into the uterus (a maximum of three, usually) and will be followed by implantation and pregnancy if the procedure is successful.
The egg harvesting technique developed for IVF has subsequently been used for the donation of eggs, in the same way as sperm has been used for donation purposes for decades. Donated eggs, from either known or anonymous donors, can be used to overcome infertility in women who: lack ovaries; have diminished ovarian function; or have a genetic disease or a history of genetic disease.
http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/researchpublications/prb0035-e.htm
Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT)
GIFT is similar to IVF. The woman's ovaries are stimulated to produce more eggs than usual, the eggs are collected, and the man needs to produce sperm (although donor sperm can be used). When egg collection has taken place, two eggs are mixed together with the sperm in a dish.
The main difference from IVF is that with GIFT the gametes (eggs and sperm) are immediately transferred to the woman's fallopian tubes, so fertilisation occurs inside, not outside, the woman's body. The embryo can begin its earliest development in natural surroundings rather than in an artificial environment.
Read more: http://www.babycenter.ca/preconception/fertilitytreatments/gift/#ixzz29ZRGAbe2
Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT)
ZIFT (Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer) is a similar procedure to GIFT, except that it is the newly fertilised egg (zygote) which is returned to the woman's fallopian tubes rather than the mixture of eggs and sperm.
This procedure shares the advantage of GIFT in that any resulting embryo will immediately be able to develop in the natural surroundings of your body. However, it's a much more invasive process than GIFT, involving two procedures instead of one: egg retrieval and then a separate laparoscopy to insert the embryo
Read more: http://www.babycenter.ca/preconception/fertilitytreatments/gift/#ixzz29ZSjDV8p
Tubal Embryo Transfer
Eggs are extracted from the woman in the same way as IVF, GIFT and other fertility procedures. They are placed in a Petri dish (culture dish used in a laboratory) along with sperm and allowed to fertilise. This usually takes a couple of days.
The next stage is the insertion of the embryos into the fallopian tubes. This is performed as a laparoscopy and involves making a small incision in the abdominal area before inserting a slim tube with a camera attached. This camera gives the specialist a clear view of the fallopian tubes.
http://www.medic8.com/healthguide/infertility/infertility-treatment/tubal-embryo-transfer.html
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Good job,Owen!
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